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Order of the Seder

Every holiday on the Jewish calendar has a specific image associated with it. The highlight of the holiday of Pesach is the Seder that takes place on the first two nights of the festival. All fifteen parts of the Seder come together to form an unforgettable Pesach experience. Jews all over the world look forward to Pesach in anticipation of the Seder.

The Pesach Seder is organized into fifteen sub-sections. We see how they all come in a very specific, orderly fashion. Even within the sections, we see that the text always follows a set path. This is suggested by the very name of the whole process. The word "Seder" is a Hebrew word defined as "order". The name very accurately captures the entire lesson that the Seder teaches us. In life, the common thought amongst mankind is that only the most broad and important things matter, while the more minute details are of no consequence at all. When looking at the way the Seder is arranged, we see the opposite of the above approach. While one must put stress on the large points of an idea, one must not forget that the order of how the ideas are transmitted, which is a seemingly insignificant detail, makes a large difference in our lives.

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The Seder starts off with a sanctification of the day, called "Kadesh". At first, we recite a blessing over the first of the four cups of wine that will be drunk during the period of the Seder. We then recite a blessing that describes our deep appreciation to Hashem, the Master of the universe, for granting us times for joy and festivity. After that is done, we recite a shorter prayer that thanks Hashem that he has kept us alive to this auspicious day. Then, we drink the first of the four cups while leaning on our left side.

Following the Kadesh, we all wash our hands by pouring water from a cup twice on our right hand and twice on our left hand. This process is termed "Urchatz", which means "Washing" in English.

The third step in the Seder is called "Karpas", or in English, "vegetable". During this section, the head of the household says a blessing over a vegetable (i.e. onion, boiled potato, parsley, celery etc.) found on the Kiara. Upon concluding the blessing, all those gathered eat this vegetable after dipping it in salt water. The size of this piece should be less than the volume of half an egg.

It is now that the Seder begins in earnest. As we come to the fifth section, the "Maggid", we approach the epitome of the Seder experience. It is here that we retell our descent to and subsequent exodus from the land of Egypt. The text can be found in all family Haggados. The Maggid begins as the youngest member of the family asks four questions of the father, which begins the entire discussion of our history. Before the child begins, we take the Kiara off of the table; and we pour, but don't drink, the second of the four cups of wine. After the youth finishes his query, we put the Kiara back on the table and commence with the retelling of our ancestors’ ordeal in the land of Egypt. Towards the end of the Maggid, the take care to mention the different items that we find on the table as they relate to the exodus. The Maggid ends with a few paragraphs of praise of Hashem, and with a prayer in which we express our desire that Hashem bring Moshiach soon, so that we may merit celebrating Pesach in the Beis HaMikdosh (Holy Temple). Then we down the second cup of wine.

The next sixth step is very similar to the second step. It is called "Rachtzoh", which shares meaning with "Urchatz". We wash our hands as described above, though we make a blessing this time around.

The seventh step is "Motzi". The head of the household raises the Matzos in the order that they lay and recites a blessing over them.

After "Motzi" comes "Matzoh". The head of the household puts down the bottom Matzoh and recites another blessing over the top two. Then he distributes pieces of each Matzoh to all present, and all partake of the Matzoh while leaning on their left sides. One must eat at least about two-fifths of the Matzoh.

The ninth step of the Seder is "Maror". We take at least the same volume of Maror as the piece of Matzoh that we ate and dip it into the Charoses that stands on the Kiara. However, we take care to shake the Charoses off the Maror so as not to lessen its bitter taste. The head of the household recites a blessing over the Maror, and all eat it without leaning.

"Korech", which in English means, "Sandwich", is the tenth part of the Seder. We take the bottom Matzoh and (together with more Matzoh) put the Chazeres onto it like a sandwich. The head of the household recites a short passage, and everyone partakes while in a leaning position.

The eleventh step is called "Shulchan Orech", which means, "set table". Now, we eat and drink as we please. We may drink more wine in between the second and third cups. After we are done eating, we extract the piece of Matzoh that was placed aside at the beginning of the Maggid, called the “Afikoman”, and each individual present partakes of it. On the first night of Pesach, this should be done before midnight. Aside from the remaining two cups of wine, we do not eat or drink after the Afikoman is eaten.

We now pour the third cup of wine. All recite a prayer of thanks to Hashem for the food that we have eaten. Upon completing, we drink the third cup of wine. This step is called "Barech", which means, "Blessings". At this point we pour the last cup of wine. Many have the custom of pouring an extra cup, which is called "the cup of Eliyahu". One of those present open the door to the house, and everyone else recites a short prayer. The door is subsequently closed.



Now come the last two steps of the Seder, "Hallel and Nirtzah". Here, all sing praises to Hashem for all the good that he bestowed upon us. Upon concluding the praises, we drink the last cup of wine and end the Seder with the shout of "Next year in Jerusalem!"


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